The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. 4. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. 5,6. The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger. 7. Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons. 8. Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death. 9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness. 10. By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure. 11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail. 12. Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:-- 13. (1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment? 14. By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
[SIZE=+1]01《孫子兵法》計篇第一 計篇 孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。 故經之以五，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰 將，五曰法。道者，令民于上同意者也，可與之死，可與之生，民不 詭也。天者，陰陽、寒暑、時制也。地者，高下、遠近、險易、廣狹 、死生也。將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴也。法者，曲制、官道、主用 也。凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。故校之以計， 而索其情。曰：主孰有道？將孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵眾孰 強？士卒孰練？賞罰孰明？吾以此知勝負矣。 將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之﹔將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。 計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外。勢者，因利而制權也。 兵者，詭道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠，遠而 示之近。利而誘之，亂而取之，實而備之，強而避之，怒而撓之，卑 而驕之，佚而勞之，親而離之，攻其不備，出其不意。此兵家之勝， 不可先傳也。 夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也﹔未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也。多算 勝，少算不勝，而況無算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。[/SIZE]
