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Japan's lone traders causing stir in forex market
Wed Sep 27, 2006
By Masayuki Kitano
TOKYO, Sept 28 (Reuters) - Fed up with near-zero interest rates at home, Japanese individuals are flocking to leveraged foreign exchange trading, attracting the attention of even professional dealers.
Foreign exchange margin trading, which allows investors to make large bets with relatively small amounts of money, saw an explosive increase in business last year after a cleanup by regulators improved the sector's image.
Retail investors trading from computers at home and punching in orders on cell phones are increasingly making their presence felt in the $1.9-trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, a presence that margin brokers say is already nothing to sneeze at.
"Margin-trading related orders are said to account for roughly 15 to 20 percent of foreign currency flows during Tokyo trade," said Masaaki Saito, assistant vice president for Gaitame.com, the largest foreign exchange margin broker in Japan.
The hunger of margin traders to sell yen for higher-yielding currencies is one factor in the yen's broad slide this year to all-time lows against the euro and eight-year lows against currencies such as the sterling.
Some currency analysts say such estimates may be overdone.
But dealers at big banks in Tokyo are keeping a closer eye on the moves of such retail investors, whose trades can be similar in style, if not in scale, to the carry trades often associated with hedge funds and large speculators.
Carry trades consist of borrowing low-yielding yen to then buy higher-yielding currencies, magnifying the money earned on the difference in interest rates with leverage.
Margin trading is essentially investment with borrowed money. If an investor wants to invest 10 million yen ($85,110) in dollars, only a fraction of the total is needed, for instance about 10 percent, or one million yen.
Such leverage provides an opportunity for big returns but also leaves open the possibility of suffering hefty losses.
According to the Financial Futures Association of Japan, trading volume in foreign exchange margin trading among association members and special participants combined amounted to 82.6 trillion yen ($703 billion) in the April-June quarter.
That is roughly 1.3 trillion yen per trading day and amounts to about 17 percent of the average daily turnover in the spot currency market in Tokyo of $66.1 billion in April.
Such figures may provide a rough picture but are not complete, since the data compiled by the futures association only covers turnover reported by member institutions.
Another caveat is that Japanese retail investors tend to be more active at night, since many trade after getting home from work. This means a large portion of trades take place using markets in London or New York after Tokyo markets have closed.
NIGHT TRADERS
The fact that foreign exchange markets are open around the clock is one reason why currency margin trading appeals to Japanese retail investors, margin brokers say.
The 24-hour nature of the market is a plus for individuals since they can trade from home by inputting orders via the Internet or even mobile phones.
"We often see a rush of people trying to access our homepage at around 9:20 p.m. (1220 GMT)," said Toshiyasu Endo, general manager at Himawari Securities Inc., which began offering currency margin trading to retail investors in 1998 -- the first Japanese broker to do so.
He said such investors were likely trying to get information on U.S. indicators, which are often released around that time.
It is not just people with jobs who trade at night.
A 33-year-old woman, one of the hundreds of retail investors who attended a Gaitame.com seminar in July, said she finds her days and nights are "often reversed".
"Profits have been so-so," she said, adding: "I want to keep doing this." She said she currently did not have a job and was hoping to make currency margin trading her main source of income.
Masafumi Yamamoto, a currency strategist at Nikko Citigroup, said margin traders may be helping to temper swings in currency markets.
"Basically, retail investors tend to be contrarians. They buy when prices fall and sell when they rise," Yamamoto said. "I think they have been a factor in limiting the downside ... of high-yield currencies in particular," he added.
Some analysts, however, warn that margin traders could be a source of volatility if their combined wagers become too big.
"Since they use a lot of leverage ... if the market keeps growing bigger, I think authorities should firmly manage this," said Toru Umemoto, chief FX strategist for Japan at Barclays Capital.