Dollar, Bonds May Benefit as Democrats Win Congress
By Ye Xie
Nov. 9 (Bloomberg) -- The U.S. dollar and Treasury bonds may gain because a U.S. government divided between a Republican president and Democratic Congress is likely to restrain government spending, analysts said.
The Democrats clinched majorities in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate after Jim Webb won a narrow victory for a Virginia senate seat from Republican incumbent George Allen. The Associated Press declared Webb the winner by a margin of 0.3 percent, or 7,200 votes. The result provided the party with full control for the first time since 1994.
``The odds are that the Democrats will try to have a good record on the deficit, and that's good for the bond market,'' said Tony Crescenzi, chief bond market strategist at Miller Tabak & Co. in New York. Slower spending may limit the government's borrowing in the Treasury market, shoring up prices for existing government securities.
Democrats picked up at least 27 House seats, giving them the 435-seat chamber in January. And the six Senate seats they gained were just enough for a majority there.
Bond and currency markets were little changed yesterday as investors didn't anticipate any immediate changes after the election. The benchmark 10-year note yield rose 1 basis point, or 0.01 percentage point, to 4.65 percent at 9:10 a.m. in New York, according to broker Cantor Fitzgerald LP. The dollar traded at $1.2774 per euro, from $1.2757 yesterday.
``It does have long-term implications for the dollar if, for example, the Democrats achieve a Congressional majority and decide to take the initiative'' in reducing federal debt, said Naomi Fink, senior currency strategist at BNP Paribas Securities in New York. ``But that's an `if' -- it's not a given yet.''
Limiting Spending
Congressional Democrats promised to reintroduce pay-as-you- go budget rules if they took control of Congress. Those rules, which lapsed in 2002, could limit tax cuts and increases in spending on entitlement programs such as the Medicare health plan.
``A Democratic sweep is good for the dollar in terms of fiscal deficits,'' said Richard Franulovich, a senior currency strategist at Westpac Banking Corp. in New York.
The Congressional Budget Office forecasts the deficit will widen to $286 billion in fiscal 2007, from $248 billion in the fiscal year ended Sept. 30.
Disagreement between the Congress and the president will produce a slowdown in spending similar to that during the Clinton presidency. After Democrats lost control of the House in 1994, the budget went from a deficit of $164 billion in 1995 to a surplus of $236 billion in 2000. Under Bush, the surplus became a $413 billion deficit at its peak in 2004 with GOP control of the House and Senate.
Social Security
President Bush has pledged to privatize Social Security, which paid out almost $500 billion in 2004 in benefits, making it the largest government program in the world.
Economists said elements of privatization, which would allow Americans to direct the investment of their retirement money, could boost demand for bonds as individuals increase their ownership of less-volatile fixed-income securities.
``The Democrats will be more pressured to have a pension reform, and you could label it as a plus for the bond market,'' because any pension reform typically means more ownership of fixed-income securities, Crescenzi at Miller Tabak said.
At the same time, bonds and the dollar may be hampered if the U.S. gets more aggressive about the trade deficit, and debate over China could become heated, analysts said. The trade gap with China reached an all-time high of $22 billion in August, exceeding the previous record of $20.5 billion in October 2005.
Tariff Threat
Some Democrats have proposed a punitive tariff on imports from China, which they accuse of keeping its currency relatively cheap in order to give its exporters an advantage.
During the first eight months of 2006, China trailed only Canada and Mexico in the value of goods traded with the U.S., according to Commerce Department data. The Chinese total of $214.5 billion was almost 20 percent higher than in the comparable 2005 period.
``The administration may feel more pressured to go to China on their own,'' Crescenzi said. ``It will probably push further revaluation of the yuan, and the revaluation of yuan is generally seen as negative for Treasuries because it reduces the Chinese need to buy dollars.''
Historical Patterns
Investors are also examining previous patterns to discern how these markets typically perform after an election. In all mid-term legislative elections since 1982, one party has gained control of both chambers, and in each instance except one, the dollar has rallied for three months following the elections, according to a research report last month by Kathy Lien, chief currency strategist, and John Kicklighter, a currency analyst, at Forex Capital Markets LLC in New York.
``Foreign exchange markets like harmony,'' Lien and Kicklighter wrote.
The last three times the president's party lost control of one or both houses of Congress, in 1974, 1990 and 1994, bond yields declined or held steady in the few weeks after the election, David Ader, U.S. government bond strategist at RBS Greenwich Capital in Greenwich, Connecticut, wrote in a report yesterday.