Journal to portfolio afterlife

Il prodotto interno lordo (PIL) globale è aumentato da 26.301 miliardi di dollari (a prezzi 2010) nel 1978 a 84.710 miliardi di dollari nel 2020.

Ciò significa che nel giro di 42 anni il Pil globale è più che triplicato, con un aumento del 222% e un tasso di crescita medio annuo del 2,7%. I driver di questo aumento sono la popolazione (+84%), l’accumulazione di capitale (+92%) e, attraverso il progresso tecnico, la produttività (42%). L’incremento della produttività a un tasso medio minore dell’1% annuo è il frutto di un drammatico rallentamento negli ultimi 20 anni, nonostante le grandi aspettative suscitate dal progresso delle tecnologie digitali.

Il consumo globale di energia primaria (ossia di energia ricavata direttamente dalla natura) è più che raddoppiato, da 270,5 EJ (EJ o Exajoule è una misura internazionale dell’energia) nel 1978 a 556 EJ nel 2020. Questo significa che in media a un incremento percentuale del Pil mondiale di un punto ha corrisposto un aumento del consumo primario di energia di 0,7 punti circa.

 
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The world collectively has about $15 trillion USD-equivalents worth of official sovereign reserves. Less than $2.5 trillion of that is gold, with more than $12.5 trillion held as fiat reserves (dollars, euros, yen, franks, etc). Fiat reserves consist of government bonds and bank deposits, and can be easily frozen by the countries that issue them. In addition, many gold holdings are not held within the country, but instead are held in New York or London on their behalf.
Thus, the vast majority of sovereign official reserves, are permissioned assets rather than permissionless assets. They are non-sovereign; able to be frozen by foreign nations. War crystalizes this fact.

Currency is some other entity’s liability, and they can choose whether or not to honor that particular liability. Money is something that is intrinsically valuable in its own right to other entities, and that has no counterparty risk if you custody it yourself (although it may have pricing risk related to supply and demand). In other words, Russia’s gold is money; their FX reserves are currency. The same is true for other countries.

Currency acts like money most of the time until, one day, it doesn’t.

Investors should hold two distinctly separate frameworks for considering investment in this digital asset ecosystem. The first framework examines the inclusion of bitcoin as an emerging monetary good, and the second considers the addition of other digital assets that exhibit venture capital-like properties

Proof-of-work assets are created or harvested from mining activities. Proof-of-stake assets are created by breaking a project into pieces and selling some of those pieces to others. Proof-of-force assets, or fiat currency, is created by governments and their designated commercial parties (holders of banking licenses).

 
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