What can investors do to earn more of their fund investments' total returns? Here are a few lessons to be drawn from our findings:
Hold fewer, more widely diversified funds and automate. Time and again, we have found that investors in allocation funds capture a greater share of the funds' total returns. Why? They are designed to be all-in-one holdings given they span multiple asset classes and rebalance on a regular basis, sparing investors from having to do much maintenance.
Allocation funds also help mitigate the risk of mental-accounting mistakes that investors are prone to, such as buying more of a high-performing stand-alone strategy and selling a lagging one when they ought to do the opposite. Allocation funds combine these separate strategies to form a cohesive whole,
and thus the performance divergences that otherwise might push investors' buttons are largely unseen.
Avoid narrow or highly volatile funds. Another clear finding from the study is that investors have struggled to successfully use narrowly focused or highly volatile funds. These types of funds—whether they were nontraditional equity offerings or those that were among the most volatile in their category group—saw some of the heftiest return gaps that we measured. Most investors would likely be better off keeping it simple in ways that emphasize wide diversification and low costs, which means steering clear of strategies like these.
Keep it simple. The evidence suggests that investors enjoyed greater success when they didn't make the perfect the enemy of the good, instead favoring simpler solutions like allocation funds. Interestingly, we found larger gaps in areas and styles for which there is robust academic support, like tilting to value,
smaller-company stocks, or emerging markets, suggesting that the added volatility these strategies entail cost investors any excess return they might have earned and then some. The same held for more-exotic strategies that on paper might push a portfolio closer to the efficient frontier but in real life confound investors into costly mistakes.
Don't assume that penny-pinching or indexing will necessarily translate to superior dollar-weighted returns. While it's laudable to keep costs to a minimum and invest passively through diversified index funds or ETFs, we didn't find that these practices necessarily prevented wide gaps from forming between these funds' dollar-weighted and total returns. This suggests that timing issues plagued even those who'd emphasized low costs and a passive approach. Some of this owes to circumstance—that is, investors allocating capital to low-cost passive funds in a recurring way as part of a long-term strategy, only to see returns deteriorate. But it's likely that some owes to other preventable factors, such as investors' propensity to chase returns.