Obbligazioni societarie HIGH YIELD e oltre, verso frontiere inesplorate, vol.3

Frankfurt am Main, September 25, 2025 -- Moody's Ratings (Moody's) has today affirmed the Ba2 long term corporate family rating (CFR), the Ba2 senior secured instrument ratings and the Ba2-PD probability of default rating (PDR) of IHO Verwaltungs GmbH (IHO-V or group). The outlook for the entity remains negative.

"The affirmation recognizes the recent improvement in IHO-V's market-value based net leverage, which is back in line with our expectations for its Ba2 rating, and the company's good liquidity", said Matthias Heck, a Moody's Ratings Vice President – Senior Credit Officer and Lead Analyst for IHO-V. "At the same time, recent refinancing at higher interest rates has weakened IHO-V's interest cover, which overall leaves the rating weakly positioned", added Mr. Heck.

RATINGS RATIONALE

IHO-V's market value based net leverage (MVL) has improved from 51% in September 2024 to below 40% since August 2025 and amounted to 36% as of 22 September 2025. The improvement was largely driven by the positive share price performance of the group's key assets, Continental AG (Continental, IHO-V stake: 36%) and Schaeffler AG (Schaeffler, IHO-V stake: 69.2%).

Furthermore, on 18 September 2025, Continental spun-off Aumovio SE (Aumovio) as a separately listed entity. As a result, our MVL calculation now also includes IHO-V's 36% stake in Aumovio. The ownership of a third distinct listed asset gives IHO-V additional flexibility to monetise its holding, if need be, after the six-month lock-up period.

Despite the recent improvement in MVL, IHO-V's interest cover continues to be weak for the rating. The company's funds from operations (FFO)/interest will further reduce to around 1.4x in 2025 (adjusted for a one-off withholding tax effect; 1.2x after one-off), from 2.0x in 2024. The decline has been largely driven by higher interest rates, following the group's recent refinancing measures that extended the debt maturity profile. In addition, lower dividend collections from Schaeffler were only partially offset by higher payments from Continental.

For 2026, we expect only moderate improvements in the ratio to around 1.5x, driven by Continental's increased target dividend payout ratio of 40%-60%, compared to previously 20%-40%. As a result, we forecast IHO-V's FFO/interest cover to remain below 2.0x in 2026, which limits the company's ability to reduce debt levels meaningfully. While we can temporarily accept weaker ratios, a sustained FFO/interest cover below 2x could lead to a rating downgrade.

This calculation, however, does not include effects from a potential special dividend paid by Continental. Continental is currently undergoing a transformational process, which also includes the planned sale of its ContiTech subsidiary, scheduled for 2026. Depending on the disposal price and the leverage of the remaining part of Continental, the payment of a sizeable special dividend is possible. The special dividend could lift the FFO/interest coverage to comfortably above 2.0x in the year of payment, further improve IHO-V's MVL, and provide funds for debt and consequent interest reduction at IHO-V's level.

The Ba2 CFR continues to reflect as strengths IHO-V's large size; the ownership of sizeable stakes in three high-quality listed assets; and good liquidity. Conversely, factors constraining the rating include some concentration risk from IHO-V's dependence on dividends from its subsidiaries, which are mostly active in the cyclical automotive industry currently under pressure, and which are undergoing transformational processes (especially Schaeffler and Aumovio); a lack of clearly defined financial policies aimed at preserving a conservative capital structure to offset the concentration risk; limited visibility around dividend payments required by the shareholder; limited reporting at IHO-V's standalone level; and consolidated leverage at still-elevated levels for the rating.

LIQUIDITY

We continue to regard IHO-V's liquidity as good. Supporting this assessment are the group's available internal cash sources, including cash and cash equivalents of around €17 million at the end of June 2025, and its undrawn €1.0 billion revolving credit facility due 2028. The facility contains a leverage covenant, under which we expect IHO-V to maintain adequate capacity over the next 12-18 months.

These funds together with expected dividend collections in 2026 comfortably exceed the group's short-term cash needs, including regular holding costs and taxes, and expected interest payments of around €240 million next year. IHO-V has no debt maturities until 2028.

FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO AN UPGRADE OR DOWNGRADE OF THE RATINGS

We could downgrade IHO-V's ratings if its (1) MVL sustainably exceeds 40%; (2) FFO interest cover remains below 2.0x on a sustainable basis; (3) Moody's adjusted debt/EBITDA remains above 3.0x (2024: 3.5x) and Moody's adjusted EBITA margin fails to recover to above 8% for a prolonged period of time (2024: 4.5%), both based on INA-Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG statements that fully consolidate Schaeffler and Continental; or (4) liquidity deteriorates.

An upgrade of IHO-V's ratings would require (1) a MVL of 30% or less, and (2) FFO interest cover above 2.5x on a sustainable basis. An upgrade would also require (3) Moody's adjusted debt/EBITDA to be sustained below 2.5x and Moody's adjusted EBITA margin to be improved to around 10%, both based on INA-Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG's financial statements that fully consolidate Schaeffler and Continental. An upgrade would also require (4) improved reporting at IHO-V level.

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New York, September 26, 2025 -- Moody's Ratings (Moody's) affirmed Dealer Tire Financial, LLC's (Dealer Tire) B2 corporate family rating (CFR), B2-PD probability of default rating, the B1 backed senior secured bank credit facility rating and the Caa1 senior unsecured notes rating. The outlook was changed to negative from stable.

The negative outlook reflects our expectation that revenue growth will be flat to slightly down in 2025 and improve to modest growth in 2026. We now expect 2025 EBITDA to be modestly pressured despite pricing actions followed by a small rebound in 2026. High leverage will limit the company's ability to absorb additional negative developments if the expected improvement does not materialize.

RATINGS RATIONALE

Dealer Tire's B2 CFR reflects the company's moderate scale, geographically diverse operations and its niche position as a leading tire distributor serving the automotive dealer channel with exclusive, long-term relationships with many premium-brand auto manufacturers. The ratings also reflect our expectation that the company will continue to have adequate liquidity. Dealer Tire generates positive free cash flow which benefits from strong industry margins and low capex requirements.

The ratings also reflect our expectation that debt-to-EBITDA will be high at approximately 6.5x at the end of 2025, an improvement from 7.3x at June 30, 2025. The lower leverage is largely attributed to expectations that Dealer Tire will repay revolver borrowings by the end of 2025. With mandatory debt amortization payments and EBITDA growth, we expect debt-to-EBITDA to remain high at approximately 6.0x by the end of 2026. We expect the company to continue to make small tuck-in acquisitions to grow the business.

We expect Dealer Tire's liquidity to be adequate and supported by moderate levels of available cash and the $250 million secured revolving credit facility expiring in 2029. We project the company to continue to have positive free cash flow in the range of $20 million to $30 million per annum.

The company also has high customer and supplier concentration which poses risk that the loss of a large customer or supplier would have a meaningful impact on operating results. In 2024, its top three customers accounted for 35% of net sales and its top three suppliers accounted for 43% of all purchases.

FACTORS THAT COULD LEAD TO AN UPGRADE OR DOWNGRADE OF THE RATINGS

The ratings could be upgraded if debt to EBITDA was approaching 4.5x and EBITA-to-interest exceeds 2.0x. Maintenance of good liquidity, including consistent free cash flow, would also be a precursor to a ratings upgrade.

The ratings could be downgraded if debt to EBITDA is expected to be above 6.0x or EBITA-to-interest is below 1.5x. Negative free cash flow on a sustained basis could also result in a rating downgrade. A lower rating could also result from changing industry dynamics that result in falling market share from the loss of a key customer or supplier.

The principal methodology used in these ratings was Distribution and Supply Chain Services published in December 2024 and available at Ratings.Moodys.com. Alternatively, please see the Rating Methodologies page on https://ratings.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.

The net effect of any adjustments applied to rating factor scores or scorecard outputs under the primary methodology(ies), if any, was not material to the ratings addressed in this announcement.

Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Dealer Tire Financial, LLC is engaged primarily in the business of distributing replacement tires through alliance relationships with automobile OEMs and their dealership networks in the US. Other platforms include Simple Tire, Dent Wizard and Sonsio Vehicle Protection. Dealer Tire is majority owned by Bain Capital Private Equity, L.P. since 2018 and generated about $3.9 billion in revenue for the twelve month period ended June 30, 2025.

REGULATORY DISCLOSURES

For further specification of Moody's key rating assumptions and sensitivity analysis, see the sections Methodology Assumptions and Sensitivity to Assumptions in the disclosure form. Moody's Rating Symbols and Definitions can be found on Ratings.Moodys.com.

For any affected securities or rated entities receiving direct credit support/credit substitution from another entity or entities subject to a credit rating action (the supporting entity), and whose ratings may change as a result of a credit rating action as to the supporting entity, the associated regulatory disclosures will relate to the supporting entity. Exceptions to this approach may be applicable in certain jurisdictions.

For ratings issued on a program, series, category/class of debt or security, certain regulatory disclosures applicable to each rating of a subsequently issued bond or note of the same series, category/class of debt, or security, or pursuant to a program for which the ratings are derived exclusively from existing ratings, in accordance with Moody's rating practices, can be found in the most recent Credit Rating Announcement related to the same class of Credit Rating.

For provisional ratings, the Credit Rating Announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to the provisional rating assigned, and in relation to a definitive rating that may be assigned subsequent to the final issuance of the debt, in each case where the transaction structure and terms have not changed prior to the assignment of the definitive rating in a manner that would have affected the rating.

Moody's does not always publish a separate Credit Rating Announcement for each Credit Rating assigned in the Anticipated Ratings Process or Subsequent Ratings Process.




 
Proposte Eleving per il bond 2026.E nuovo bond (XS3167361651)

In recent years, the Eleving Group has significantly strengthened its credit profile. Last year we successfully completed our IPO, and recently we received a rating upgrade from Fitch Ratings. In addition, we deliver strong financial results. We are stronger than ever, and that is why we are launching our largest bond offer to date - with the goal of issuing bonds in volumes of up to 250 million euros. With this issue, we intend to refinance €150 million of existing bonds and to raise up to €100 million in fresh capital to support the company's continued growth. We are convinced that the coupon range offered is extremely competitive and attractive under the current market conditions. Therefore, I invite existing bondholders to participate in the exchange, while at the same time encourating new investors to take the opportunity to acquire the new bonds," said Modestas Sudnius, CEO of the Eleving Group.

Riga-based Eleving Group is a publicly traded financial technology company founded in 2012. The group of companies is active in 16 countries and offers vehicle and consumer financing services.

 
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Proposte Eleving per il bond 2026.E nuovo bond (XS3167361651)

In recent years, the Eleving Group has significantly strengthened its credit profile. Last year we successfully completed our IPO, and recently we received a rating upgrade from Fitch Ratings. In addition, we deliver strong financial results. We are stronger than ever, and that is why we are launching our largest bond offer to date - with the goal of issuing bonds in volumes of up to 250 million euros. With this issue, we intend to refinance €150 million of existing bonds and to raise up to €100 million in fresh capital to support the company's continued growth. We are convinced that the coupon range offered is extremely competitive and attractive under the current market conditions. Therefore, I invite existing bondholders to participate in the exchange, while at the same time encourating new investors to take the opportunity to acquire the new bonds," said Modestas Sudnius, CEO of the Eleving Group.

Riga-based Eleving Group is a publicly traded financial technology company founded in 2012. The group of companies is active in 16 countries and offers vehicle and consumer financing services.

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